[语法课堂]2019年新人教版B3U2 ：动词-ing形式作宾补和状语

导语

收集整理了几个动词-ing形式作宾语补足语和状语的视频及文字资源。来源于网络，具体见视频水印。

以下视频来源于云浮市中小学英语

动词-ing形式作状语和宾补

一．现在分词作状语的用法

现在分词(短语)在句中作状语来修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、方式、让步或伴随状况。

作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首; 作结果、伴随情况状语时常位于句末。

现在分词的逻辑主语必须和该句子的主语保持一致。

（一）现在分词做状语的时态和语态

①doing：与句子的主语构成主动关系，与句子的谓语动词同时发生或基本同时发生，表“主动进行”。	Walking  in the park, she saw an  old friend. 当她在公园里散步时，她看到了一个老朋友。
②having  done：与句子的主语构成主动关系，先于谓语动词发生，表“主动完成”。	Having  finished the letter, he went to  post it. 他写完信后就把它寄了出去。
③having been done= done：与句子的主语构成被动关系，先于谓语动词发生，表“被动且完成”。	Shown  /Having been shown around the  factory, they were very happy. 被领着参观了工厂后，他们很高兴。 Asked  /Having been asked to work  overtime that evening,  I missed a  wonderful film.那天晚上由于被要求加班，我错过了一场好电影。

（二）现在分词做状语的用法

1.作时间状语(相当于when/while引导的时间状语从句)。	Hearing the news（= When they heard the news）, they got  excited. 听到这个消息，他们很激动。 Walking in the street（= When/While I was walking in the street）,  I met an old friend of mine. 我正在大街上行走时，遇到了一位老朋友。
2.作条件状语(一般放在句首，其前可以加if连词)	Reading carefully（=If you read carefully），you'll learn  something new．只要你仔细阅读，你会学到一些新的东西。 Working hard （=If you work hard）, you’ll make great  progress. 如果你努力工作，你将取得很大进步。
3.作原因状语(一般可转换成由as或because引导的原因状语从句)	Not  knowing his address (= As I  don’t know his address), I can’t  send this book to him. 因为不知道他的地址, 我不能把这本书寄给他。 Having  caught(= Because I had  caught) the 7:30 train , I got to the office earlier that day. 赶上了7:30的车，我那天更早地到了办公室。
4.作让步状语	Being  tired (= Although they were  tired ), they still went on working.  尽管很累了, 可他们继续工作。 Living  miles away(=Although he  lived miles away ), he attended the lecture on time.虽然住得好几英里远，但他准时参加了会议。
5.作结果状语	It rained  heavily in the south , causing serious  flooding in several provinces.南方下了大雨，引起了几个省区的严重洪灾。 He got up  late and hurried to his office, leaving the  breakfast untouched. 他起床很晚并匆忙去上班，结果饭也没吃。
6.作方式、伴随状语	He lay in  bed, reading（and was reading） a novel. 他躺在床上读小说。 When I was  little, my mother used to sit by my bed, telling  (= and told) me stories till I fell asleep.我小时候,母亲常坐在我的床边,给我讲故事直到我入睡。

注意一：分词作状语的几种特殊情况：

1. 连词+分词	有些时间、条件、方式或让步状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致，且状语从句的谓语动词包含be动词的形式，可以省略从句中的“主语 + be”部分。	While  (he was ) waiting for a bus,  he met an old friend. 他在等车时，遇到了一位老朋友。 He will not  attend the party unless (he is ) invited. 除非被邀请他才去参加聚会。
2.直接作状语的分词或短语	generally/frankly/honestly/  strictly speaking; judging from/by…; taking…into consideration (用来表示说话者的立场、态度和观点，被看作是一个固定的习惯用法)	Generally  speaking, boys are more  interested in physics than girls. 一般来讲，男生比女生对物理更感兴趣。 Judging from/ by her accent,  she must be from Italy. 根据她的口音来判断，她一定是来自意大利。 Taking  everything into consideration,  he has done well.考虑一切，他做得很好了。

注意二：区分下列句式：

1.分词作伴随状语和不定式作目的状语的区别	I stayed up  very late yesterday, preparing  my speech.（表伴随，用“，”隔开） I stayed up  very late yesterday to prepare my speech.（表目的，不用“，”隔开）
2. 现在分词和不定式作结果状语的区别	He was  caught in the rain, thus making himself catch  a cold.被雨淋后他感冒了。(现在分词作结果状语，表自然而然的结果，前面有时候可以加thus。) I hurried  to school, only to find it was Sunday.我匆忙赶到学校，结果发现是星期天。(不定式作结果状语，表意外的结果，有时前面可以加only。)
3. 现在分词作状语和祈使句的区别	Turning to the right, you will find the bookstore you  are looking for. (现在分词作状语) Turn  to the right, and you will find the bookstore you are looking for.  (祈使句+and+简单句) Observe carefully if any change occurs when doing  experiments in the lab.（(祈使句)
4.  分词作状语和并列谓语的区别	He  sat at the table did nothing. (错误) He  sat at the table and did nothing.(正确)( and连接并列谓语) He  sat at the table, doing nothing. (正确)（分词作伴随状语）

注意三：独立主格结构和with复合结构

分词、不定式作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致，如果不一致时，则分词、不定式需要带有自己的逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构。

此结构在句中起原因、方式、时间、条件、伴随状语从句的作用。

需特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词，如果有并列连词或从属连词，则用完整的谓语动词形式。

1.独立主格结构： 名词(代词)+ 分词/不定式 ①名词/代词+doing（表主动，进行） ②名词/代词+having  done（表主动，完成） ③名词/代词+（having been） done(表被动，完成) ④名词/代词+to  do/ to be done（表将来）

Weather  permitting(=If  weather permits),  We’ll go out for a walk. 如果天气允许，我们将出去散散步。 The boys  rushed out, each carrying a schoolbag (=and  each was carrying a schoolbag).孩子们跑了出来，每人背着一个书包。 The  last bus having gone(=Because the last bus had gone) , we had to walk home. 末班车已经开走了, 我们不得不走回家。 More  time given (=If more  time is given),we will do it better.如果多给些时间，我们会做得更好。 Homework（having been）finished（=After homework had been finished）,the boy  went out to play. 做完作业后，这个男孩出去玩。 The exam to be held tomorrow(=Because the exam will  be held tomorrow), I can’t go to the cinema tonight.由于明天要考试，我今夜不能去看电影。

2.with复合结构（也是一种独立主格结构，用法同独立主格结构。）： ①with+名词/代词+doing（表主动，进行） ②with+名词/代词+done（表被动，完成） ③ with+名词/代词+to do（表将来）

With the  boy leading the way, we had no difficulty in  finding the address. 由小男孩带路，找到这个地方我们没有困难。 The thief  was brought to the front with his hand tied  behind. 小偷被带到前面，双手被捆在后面。 With  nothing to do, he went out for a walk. 由于没有什么事情可做，他便到外面散步去了。

二. 现在分词作宾语补足语

现在分词置于某些及物动词和宾语之后, 补充说明宾语的动作或状态。

现在分词作宾补表示宾补与宾语构成主动关系。

在这种情况下, 及物动词通常是表示感官动词或使役动词。

1.现在分词在感官动词后作宾语补足语: 在see,  hear,   feel,  watch,  notice等感官动词后, 现在分词构成复合宾语, 表示一个正在进行的主动的动作。	I heard her  singing an English song when I passed by. 当我从旁经过时，我听见她正在唱英文歌。 Today on my  way home,  I saw a man running along the street hurriedly. 今天在我回家的路上,  我看到一个男人正匆忙从街上跑过。
2. 现在分词在使役动词have后作宾语补足语, 表示“让……一直做某事”。否定句中也可以表示“不容许某人做某事”。	It’s cold.  We should have the fire burning all the time. 天气冷。我们应该让火一直燃烧着。 I won’t have you running about in the room. 我不允许你在房间里跑来跑去。
3.常用的几个只接现在分词作宾语补足语的动词： keep/ send/  leave sb. doing sth 使某人干某事 find/catch  sb. doing sth 发现某人干某事	She kept  him waiting for two hours. 她让他等了两个小时。 He caught a  man putting his hand into the pocket of a  passenger.他发现一个人把手伸进了一个乘客的口袋。

4.用于with复合结构中作宾语补足语。

With so  much work filling my mind, I almost break  down. 我满脑子都是工作，快要崩溃了。 With  Christmas approaching, a Christmas party will  be held in the school. 圣诞节要到了，学校要举行一个圣诞晚会。

注意辨析：

1.感官类动词+sb do sth.（干了某事） 感官类动词+sb  doing sth.（正在干某事）	He saw her enter the room.(She entered the room.) 他看见她进了屋。 He saw her working in the garden.(She was working in the  garden.)他看见她在花园里干活。
2. have sb.  do sth 使某人干某事 have sb.  doing sth 使某人一直干某事	I’ll have Bob show you to your room. 我让鲍勃带你到房间去。 It was  cold, and she had the fire burning day and  night. 天很冷，她让炉火日夜烧着。
3.get sb.  to do sth使某人干某事 get sb.  doing sth使某人开始干起来	You should  get your son to wash his clothes himself.你应该让儿子自己洗衣服。 Something  is wrong with the machine. I can’t get it running. 机器出了故障。我没法让它转动起来。

三. 现在分词和过去分词用法区别

1.作定语	分词的选择要看和所修饰的名词的关系，和所修饰的名词构成主动关系，用现在分词，构成被动关系，则用过去分词。	The  workers building the houses work day and night.正在建房子的工人日夜工作。（workers和build是主动关系） The  houses built last year are for the villagers .去年建成的房子是给村民的。（houses和build是被动关系）
2.作状语	分词的选择要看和该句子的主语的关系，和该句子的主语构成主动关系，用现在分词，构成被动关系，则用过去分词。	Seeing his mother, the baby  stopped crying.一看见妈妈，婴儿停止哭泣。(句子的主语the baby 和see  构成主动关系) Seen from the top of the mountain, the city is more beautiful. 从山顶看，城市更美丽。(句子的主语the city 和see构成被动关系)
3.作宾补	分词的选择要看和其前的宾语的关系，和宾语构成主动关系，用现在分词，构成被动关系，则用过去分词。	I heard her singing an  English song when I passed by. 当我从旁经过时，我听见她正在唱英文歌。 I often  heard the English song sung by young people at the party. 我经常听到这首英文歌被年轻人在聚会时唱起。
4.作表语	主要是表“情感类”的词： doing表示“令人……”。 done表示“人感到……”。	The book is  interesting and I’m interested  in it. 这本书很有趣，我对它很感兴趣。

【巩固练习】

单句语法填空

1._________ (select) the proper present, they sent it to their respectable professor.

2.Not ________(know) what to do, the children had to wait for their parents to come back.

3._______(hear) the signal, people ran out of the building.

4.________(judge) from the appearance, it is very peaceful, but in fact, a war will break out soon.

5.The decision________(make), what is to be done now is how to carry it out.

6.________(work) harder at English, you’ll make greater progress.

7.____________(see) nobody at home, he decided to leave them a note.

8.It ________ (be) Sunday, many people go to the gymnasium to do physical exercises.

9.________(look) out through the window, we saw a beautiful scenery.

10.The case shocked the public, _________(cause) a hot debate over human nature on the Internet.

11.The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows,___________ (make) air conditioning unnecessary.

12.__________ (work) for three hours, he took a rest.

13.___________(live) in Beijing for years, I almost know every place quite well.

14. __________(spend) nearly all our money, we couldn’t afford to stay at a hotel.

15.In the crowded cafe,  I heard a friendly voice_________ （say）, “You can share my table. ”

16.He saw a girl _________ （wander） on the street this time yesterday.

17.Mr Smith suggested a good way to have her written English_______(improve) in a short period.

18.Don’t leave the water _______(run) while you brush your teeth.

19.He needed to have some paperwork ________(deliver) across the country the next day.

20.China’s image is improving steadily,  with more countries __________ (recognize) its role in international affairs.

21.They stood there, _________ （glare） at each other.

22.A Mexican farmer was surprised to see smoke _________ （rise） from a small part of his land.

23.I felt my heart_________ （beat）  violently when I was seeing the 70th anniversary of foundation of China.

24.He hurried to the station, only _________ （find） the train had left.

25._________ （take）according to the directions, the medicine won’t have side effects.

(点击空白处查看内容)

▼

参考答案 

1. Having selected 2. knowing 3. Hearing 4. Judging 5. having been made  6.Working 7. Seeing 8. being 9.Looking 10. causing 11.making 12.Having worked 13.Having lived 14.Having spent  15.saying 16.wandering 17.improved 18.running 19.delivered 20.recognizing 21.glaring 22.rising 23.beating 24.to find  25.Taken

往期推荐

END

---

因腾讯后台改版，需将公众号设置为星标才能查看最新推送内容1、点击文章标题下的 “高中英语教学交流网”2、点击公众号首页右上角的“..."3、点击”设为星标“本文来源于网络，以上图、文、音视频，贵在分享，版权归原作者及原出处所有。如涉及版权等问题，请及时与我们联系微信ID：ZSHUNJ。   点分享点收藏点点赞点在看